This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "fine tune", 4 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue.And this is the code for fine-tuning and resuming from the last epoch: # Train the model again for a few epochs fine_tune_epochs = 5 total_epochs = initial_epochs + fine_tune_epochs history_tuned = model.fit (train_set, validation_data = dev_set, initial_epoch=history.epoch [-1], epochs=total_epochs,verbose=1, callbacks=callbacks) The problem ...This is known as fine-tuning, an incredibly powerful training technique. In this tutorial, you will fine-tune a pretrained model with a deep learning framework of your choice: Fine-tune a pretrained model with 🤗 Transformers Trainer. Fine-tune a pretrained model in TensorFlow with Keras. Fine-tune a pretrained model in native PyTorch.Aug 22, 2017 · Fine-Tuning. First published Tue Aug 22, 2017; substantive revision Fri Nov 12, 2021. The term “ fine-tuning ” is used to characterize sensitive dependences of facts or properties on the values of certain parameters. Technological devices are paradigmatic examples of fine-tuning. Synonyms for FINE-TUNING: adjusting, regulating, putting, matching, adapting, tuning, modeling, shaping; Antonyms of FINE-TUNING: misadjusting 32. Finetuning means taking weights of a trained neural network and use it as initialization for a new model being trained on data from the same domain (often e.g. images). It is used to: speed up the training. overcome small dataset size. There are various strategies, such as training the whole initialized network or "freezing" some of the pre ...This is known as fine-tuning, an incredibly powerful training technique. In this tutorial, you will fine-tune a pretrained model with a deep learning framework of your choice: Fine-tune a pretrained model with 🤗 Transformers Trainer. Fine-tune a pretrained model in TensorFlow with Keras. Fine-tune a pretrained model in native PyTorch.Overview. Although many settings within the SAP solution are predefined to allow business processes to run out-of-the-box, fine-tuning must be performed to further adjust the system settings to support specific business requirements. The activity list provides the list of activities that must be performed based on the defined scope.Find 6 ways to say FINE-TUNE, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. Apr 19, 2020 · Tip #1: Evaluate often. The standard machine learning workflow amounts to training a certain number of models on training data, picking the preferred model on a validation set and evaluating its final performance on a test set. G iven this workflow, training more models naturally leads to higher expected performance of the best model and ... Fine-tuning MobileNet on a custom data set with TensorFlow's Keras API. In this episode, we'll be building on what we've learned about MobileNet combined with the techniques we've used for fine-tuning to fine-tune MobileNet for a custom image data set. When we previously demonstrated the idea of fine-tuning in earlier episodes, we used the cat ... I have never fine-tuned any NLP model, let alone an LLM. Therefore, I had to find a simple way to get started without first obtaining a Ph.D. in machine learning. Luckily, I stumbled upon H2O’s LLM Studio tool, released just a couple of days ago, which provides a graphical interface for fine-tuning LLM models.When the fine-tune job succeeds, the value of the fine_tuned_model variable in the response body of the FineTune.retrieve() method is set to the name of your customized model. Your model is now also available for discovery from the list Models API. However, you can't issue completion calls to your customized model until your customized model is ...Synonyms for FINE-TUNING: adjusting, regulating, putting, matching, adapting, tuning, modeling, shaping; Antonyms of FINE-TUNING: misadjustingThis guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.fine-tune definition: 1. to make very small changes to something in order to make it work as well as possible: 2. to…. Learn more. which the fine-tuning provides evidence for the existence of God. As impressive as the argument from fine-tuning seems to be, atheists have raised several significant objections to it. Consequently, those who are aware of these objections, or have thought of them on their own, often will find the argument unconvincing.Fine-tuning may refer to: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning (physics) See also Tuning (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Fine-tuning. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.May 10, 2022 · Fine-tuning in NLP refers to the procedure of re-training a pre-trained language model using your own custom data. As a result of the fine-tuning procedure, the weights of the original model are updated to account for the characteristics of the domain data and the task you are interested in. Image By Author. Sep 25, 2015 · September 25, 2015. The appearance of fine-tuning in our universe has been observed by theists and atheists alike. Even physicist Paul Davies (who is agnostic when it comes to the notion of a Divine Designer) readily stipulates, “Everyone agrees that the universe looks as if it was designed for life.”. Oxford philosopher John Leslie agrees ... Fine-Tuning — Dive into Deep Learning 1.0.3 documentation. 14.2. Fine-Tuning. In earlier chapters, we discussed how to train models on the Fashion-MNIST training dataset with only 60000 images. We also described ImageNet, the most widely used large-scale image dataset in academia, which has more than 10 million images and 1000 objects ... Jan 4, 2022 · The fine-tuning argument is a specific application of the teleological argument for the existence of God. A teleological argument seeks to demonstrate that the appearance of purpose or design is itself evidence of a designer. The counter to such a claim suggests that what “appears” to be designed is simply random coincidence. Steven Heidel. Fine-tuning for GPT-3.5 Turbo is now available, with fine-tuning for GPT-4 coming this fall. This update gives developers the ability to customize models that perform better for their use cases and run these custom models at scale. Early tests have shown a fine-tuned version of GPT-3.5 Turbo can match, or even outperform, base ...Fine-tuning MobileNet on a custom data set with TensorFlow's Keras API. In this episode, we'll be building on what we've learned about MobileNet combined with the techniques we've used for fine-tuning to fine-tune MobileNet for a custom image data set. When we previously demonstrated the idea of fine-tuning in earlier episodes, we used the cat ... Apr 21, 2023 · berkecanrizai commented on Apr 20. Model. RAM. lambada (ppl) lambada (acc) hellaswag (acc_norm) winogrande (acc) There are three main workflows for using deep learning within ArcGIS: Inferencing with existing, pretrained deep learning packages (dlpks) Fine-tuning an existing model. Training a deep learning model from scratch. For a detailed guide on the first workflow, using the pretrained models, see Deep Learning with ArcGIS Pro Tips & Tricks Part 2.Fine-tuning Techniques. Below are some general guidelines for fine-tuning implementation: 1. The common practice is to truncate the last layer (softmax layer) of the pre-trained network and replace it with our new softmax layer that are relevant to our own problem. For example, pre-trained network on ImageNet comes with a softmax layer with ...Apr 21, 2023 · berkecanrizai commented on Apr 20. Model. RAM. lambada (ppl) lambada (acc) hellaswag (acc_norm) winogrande (acc) This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.Synonyms for FINE-TUNING: adjusting, regulating, putting, matching, adapting, tuning, modeling, shaping; Antonyms of FINE-TUNING: misadjusting Let’s see how we can do this on the fly during fine-tuning using a special data collator. Fine-tuning DistilBERT with the Trainer API Fine-tuning a masked language model is almost identical to fine-tuning a sequence classification model, like we did in Chapter 3. The only difference is that we need a special data collator that can randomly ...Synonyms for FINE-TUNING: adjusting, regulating, putting, matching, adapting, tuning, modeling, shaping; Antonyms of FINE-TUNING: misadjusting Overview. Although many settings within the SAP solution are predefined to allow business processes to run out-of-the-box, fine-tuning must be performed to further adjust the system settings to support specific business requirements. The activity list provides the list of activities that must be performed based on the defined scope.The fine-tuning argument is a specific application of the teleological argument for the existence of God. A teleological argument seeks to demonstrate that the appearance of purpose or design is itself evidence of a designer. The counter to such a claim suggests that what “appears” to be designed is simply random coincidence.Fine-Tuning: Unfreeze a few of the top layers of a frozen model base and jointly train both the newly-added classifier layers and the last layers of the base model. This allows us to "fine-tune" the higher-order feature representations in the base model in order to make them more relevant for the specific task.Apr 26, 2020 · Transfer Learning and Fine-tuning is one of the important methods to make big-scale model with a small amount of data. Usually, deep learning model needs a massive amount of data for training. But ... May 10, 2022 · Fine-tuning in NLP refers to the procedure of re-training a pre-trained language model using your own custom data. As a result of the fine-tuning procedure, the weights of the original model are updated to account for the characteristics of the domain data and the task you are interested in. Image By Author. List of Fine-Tuning Parameters. Jay Richards, PhD. Science. “Fine-tuning” refers to various features of the universe that are necessary conditions for the existence of complex life. Such features include the initial conditions and “brute facts” of the universe as a whole, the laws of nature or the numerical constants present in those ...Along with your theory, I'm also testing something that's inspired by Dreambooth, which involves unfreezing the model and fine tuning it that way. Instead of doing this, I'm keeping the model frozen (default settings with * placeholder), but mixing in two template strings of a {<placeholder>} and the other as a <class> .Fine-Tuning — Dive into Deep Learning 1.0.3 documentation. 14.2. Fine-Tuning. In earlier chapters, we discussed how to train models on the Fashion-MNIST training dataset with only 60000 images. We also described ImageNet, the most widely used large-scale image dataset in academia, which has more than 10 million images and 1000 objects ...Definition In brief, fine-tuning refers to using the weights of an already trained network as the starting values for training a new network: The current best practices suggest using a model pre-trained with a large dataset for solving a problem similar to the one we’re dealing with.Aug 1, 2020 · Meanwhile, the fine-tuning is just as easily explained by postulating God, and we have independent evidence for God’s existence, like the origin of biological information, the sudden appearance of animal body plans, the argument from consciousness, and so on. Even if the naturalists could explain the fine-tuning, they would still have a lot ... fine-tune翻譯：對…進行微調。了解更多。This tutorial focuses on how to fine-tune Stable Diffusion using another method called Dreambooth. Unlike textual inversion method which train just the embedding without modification to the base model, Dreambooth fine-tune the whole text-to-image model such that it learns to bind a unique identifier with a specific concept (object or style). As ...Simply put, the idea is to supervise the fine-tuning process with the model’s own generated samples of the class noun. In practice, this means having the model fit our images and the images sampled from the visual prior of the non-fine-tuned class simultaneously. These prior-preserving images are sampled and labeled using the [class noun ...Dec 18, 2020 · List of Fine-Tuning Parameters. Jay Richards, PhD. Science. “Fine-tuning” refers to various features of the universe that are necessary conditions for the existence of complex life. Such features include the initial conditions and “brute facts” of the universe as a whole, the laws of nature or the numerical constants present in those ... Fine tuning is a metaphor derived from music and mechanics that is used to describe apparently improbable combinations of attributes governing physical systems. The term is commonly applied to the idea that our universe’s fundamental physical constants are uniquely and inexplicably suited to the evolution of intelligent life. Jan 24, 2022 · There are three main workflows for using deep learning within ArcGIS: Inferencing with existing, pretrained deep learning packages (dlpks) Fine-tuning an existing model. Training a deep learning model from scratch. For a detailed guide on the first workflow, using the pretrained models, see Deep Learning with ArcGIS Pro Tips & Tricks Part 2. Synonyms for FINE-TUNING: adjusting, regulating, putting, matching, adapting, tuning, modeling, shaping; Antonyms of FINE-TUNING: misadjustingfine-tuned: [adjective] precisely adjusted for the highest level of performance, efficiency, or effectiveness. September 25, 2015. The appearance of fine-tuning in our universe has been observed by theists and atheists alike. Even physicist Paul Davies (who is agnostic when it comes to the notion of a Divine Designer) readily stipulates, “Everyone agrees that the universe looks as if it was designed for life.”. Oxford philosopher John Leslie agrees ...Along with your theory, I'm also testing something that's inspired by Dreambooth, which involves unfreezing the model and fine tuning it that way. Instead of doing this, I'm keeping the model frozen (default settings with * placeholder), but mixing in two template strings of a {<placeholder>} and the other as a <class> .Training Overview ¶. Training Overview. Each task is unique, and having sentence / text embeddings tuned for that specific task greatly improves the performance. SentenceTransformers was designed in such way that fine-tuning your own sentence / text embeddings models is easy. It provides most of the building blocks that you can stick together ... A last, optional step, is fine-tuning, which consists of unfreezing the entire model you obtained above (or part of it), and re-training it on the new data with a very low learning rate. This can potentially achieve meaningful improvements, by incrementally adapting the pretrained features to the new data.Aug 23, 2022 · In this article, we will be fine tuning the YOLOv7 object detection model on a real-world pothole detection dataset. Benchmarked on the COCO dataset, the YOLOv7 tiny model achieves more than 35% mAP and the YOLOv7 (normal) model achieves more than 51% mAP. It is also equally important that we get good results when fine tuning such a state-of ... This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.Aug 30, 2023 · 3. You can now start fine-tuning the model with the following command: accelerate launch scripts/finetune.py EvolCodeLlama-7b.yaml. If everything is configured correctly, you should be able to train the model in a little more than one hour (it took me 1h 11m 44s). Jan 4, 2022 · The fine-tuning argument is a specific application of the teleological argument for the existence of God. A teleological argument seeks to demonstrate that the appearance of purpose or design is itself evidence of a designer. The counter to such a claim suggests that what “appears” to be designed is simply random coincidence. This webinar is about Fine tuning Chat GPT-3 for specific industries (and several use cases). Chat GPT-3 is a deep learning model developed by OpenAI that can generate text for tasks such as summarization and question answering. The model can be fine-tuned to improve accuracy and performance by training on specific data sets.This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.which the fine-tuning provides evidence for the existence of God. As impressive as the argument from fine-tuning seems to be, atheists have raised several significant objections to it. Consequently, those who are aware of these objections, or have thought of them on their own, often will find the argument unconvincing. The key takeaways are: Prompting and fine-tuning can both be used to condition language models. Prompting is quite restricted in the kinds of conditionals it can achieve. Fine-tuning can implement arbitrary conditionals in principle, though not in practice. In practice fine-tuning can still implement more kinds of conditionals than prompting.Official implementation of fine-tuning ChatGLM with P-Tuning v2 on the ADGEN dataset. Our fine-tuning script is largely depend on it. We further implement the LoRA tuning method. Additionally, we dynamically pad the inputs to the longest sequence in the batch instead of the maximum length, to accelerate the fine-tuning.Nov 15, 2022 · This tutorial focuses on how to fine-tune Stable Diffusion using another method called Dreambooth. Unlike textual inversion method which train just the embedding without modification to the base model, Dreambooth fine-tune the whole text-to-image model such that it learns to bind a unique identifier with a specific concept (object or style). As ... fine-tune definition: 1. to make very small changes to something in order to make it work as well as possible: 2. to…. Learn more.verb [ T ] uk / ˌfaɪnˈtʃuːn / us / ˌfaɪnˈtuːn / to make very small changes to something in order to make it work as well as possible: She spent hours fine-tuning her speech. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases Correcting and mending calibration clean (someone/something) up correction fiddle fiddle (around) with something fine-tune mess 3. You can now start fine-tuning the model with the following command: accelerate launch scripts/finetune.py EvolCodeLlama-7b.yaml. If everything is configured correctly, you should be able to train the model in a little more than one hour (it took me 1h 11m 44s).Nov 15, 2022 · This tutorial focuses on how to fine-tune Stable Diffusion using another method called Dreambooth. Unlike textual inversion method which train just the embedding without modification to the base model, Dreambooth fine-tune the whole text-to-image model such that it learns to bind a unique identifier with a specific concept (object or style). As ... This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.Set Up Summary. I fine-tuned the base davinci model for many different n_epochs values, and, for those who want to know the bottom line and not read the entire tutorial and examples, the “bottom line” is that if you set your n_epochs value high enough (and your JSONL data is properly formatted), you can get great results fine-tuning even with a single-line JSONL file!Training Overview ¶. Training Overview. Each task is unique, and having sentence / text embeddings tuned for that specific task greatly improves the performance. SentenceTransformers was designed in such way that fine-tuning your own sentence / text embeddings models is easy. It provides most of the building blocks that you can stick together ...A last, optional step, is fine-tuning, which consists of unfreezing the entire model you obtained above (or part of it), and re-training it on the new data with a very low learning rate. This can potentially achieve meaningful improvements, by incrementally adapting the pretrained features to the new data.Mar 24, 2023 · fine-tuning（ファインチューニング）とは、機械学習モデルを特定のタスクやデータセットに対してより適切に動作させるために、既存の学習済みモデルを少し調整するプロセスです。. 機械学習の分野では、大規模なデータセットで事前に訓練されたモデル ... 3. You can now start fine-tuning the model with the following command: accelerate launch scripts/finetune.py EvolCodeLlama-7b.yaml. If everything is configured correctly, you should be able to train the model in a little more than one hour (it took me 1h 11m 44s).Meanwhile, the fine-tuning is just as easily explained by postulating God, and we have independent evidence for God’s existence, like the origin of biological information, the sudden appearance of animal body plans, the argument from consciousness, and so on. Even if the naturalists could explain the fine-tuning, they would still have a lot ...Fine-tuning may refer to: Fine-tuning (machine learning) Fine-tuning (physics) See also Tuning (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Fine-tuning. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.Synonyms for FINE-TUNING: adjusting, regulating, putting, matching, adapting, tuning, modeling, shaping; Antonyms of FINE-TUNING: misadjustingJan 14, 2015 · List of Fine-Tuning Parameters. Jay W. Richards. January 14, 2015. Intelligent Design, Research & Analysis. Download PDF. “Fine-tuning” refers to various features of the universe that are necessary conditions for the existence of complex life. Such features include the initial conditions and “brute facts” of the universe as a whole, the ... Fine-tuning improves on few-shot learning by training on many more examples than can fit in the prompt, letting you achieve better results on a wide number of tasks. Once a model has been fine-tuned, you won't need to provide as many examples in the prompt. This saves costs and enables lower-latency requests.Fine-tuning MobileNet on a custom data set with TensorFlow's Keras API. In this episode, we'll be building on what we've learned about MobileNet combined with the techniques we've used for fine-tuning to fine-tune MobileNet for a custom image data set. When we previously demonstrated the idea of fine-tuning in earlier episodes, we used the cat ... This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. Fine-tuning in NLP refers to the procedure of re-training a pre-trained language model using your own custom data. As a result of the fine-tuning procedure, the weights of the original model are updated to account for the characteristics of the domain data and the task you are interested in. Image By Author.Fine-Tuning — Dive into Deep Learning 1.0.3 documentation. 14.2. Fine-Tuning. In earlier chapters, we discussed how to train models on the Fashion-MNIST training dataset with only 60000 images. We also described ImageNet, the most widely used large-scale image dataset in academia, which has more than 10 million images and 1000 objects ...fine-tune翻譯：對…進行微調。了解更多。Fine-Tuning — Dive into Deep Learning 1.0.3 documentation. 14.2. Fine-Tuning. In earlier chapters, we discussed how to train models on the Fashion-MNIST training dataset with only 60000 images. We also described ImageNet, the most widely used large-scale image dataset in academia, which has more than 10 million images and 1000 objects ...
Meanwhile, the fine-tuning is just as easily explained by postulating God, and we have independent evidence for God’s existence, like the origin of biological information, the sudden appearance of animal body plans, the argument from consciousness, and so on. Even if the naturalists could explain the fine-tuning, they would still have a lot .... Networkw
Fine-tuning is arguably the most widely used approach for transfer learning when working with deep learning mod-els. It starts with a pre-trained model on the source task and trains it further on the target task. For computer vision tasks, it is a common practice to work with ImageNet pre-trainedmodelsforfine-tuning[20]. ComparedwithtrainingI have never fine-tuned any NLP model, let alone an LLM. Therefore, I had to find a simple way to get started without first obtaining a Ph.D. in machine learning. Luckily, I stumbled upon H2O’s LLM Studio tool, released just a couple of days ago, which provides a graphical interface for fine-tuning LLM models.Mar 2, 2018 · 32. Finetuning means taking weights of a trained neural network and use it as initialization for a new model being trained on data from the same domain (often e.g. images). It is used to: speed up the training. overcome small dataset size. There are various strategies, such as training the whole initialized network or "freezing" some of the pre ... Let’s see how we can do this on the fly during fine-tuning using a special data collator. Fine-tuning DistilBERT with the Trainer API Fine-tuning a masked language model is almost identical to fine-tuning a sequence classification model, like we did in Chapter 3. The only difference is that we need a special data collator that can randomly ...Finetuning synonyms, Finetuning pronunciation, Finetuning translation, English dictionary definition of Finetuning. tr.v. fine-tuned , fine-tun·ing , fine-tunes To make small adjustments in for optimal performance or effectiveness: fine-tuned her investing strategy to...Aug 22, 2023 · Steven Heidel. Fine-tuning for GPT-3.5 Turbo is now available, with fine-tuning for GPT-4 coming this fall. This update gives developers the ability to customize models that perform better for their use cases and run these custom models at scale. Early tests have shown a fine-tuned version of GPT-3.5 Turbo can match, or even outperform, base ... This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt. Jan 24, 2022 · There are three main workflows for using deep learning within ArcGIS: Inferencing with existing, pretrained deep learning packages (dlpks) Fine-tuning an existing model. Training a deep learning model from scratch. For a detailed guide on the first workflow, using the pretrained models, see Deep Learning with ArcGIS Pro Tips & Tricks Part 2. This guide is intended for users of the new OpenAI fine-tuning API. If you are a legacy fine-tuning user, please refer to our legacy fine-tuning guide. Fine-tuning lets you get more out of the models available through the API by providing: Higher quality results than prompting. Ability to train on more examples than can fit in a prompt.Steven Heidel. Fine-tuning for GPT-3.5 Turbo is now available, with fine-tuning for GPT-4 coming this fall. This update gives developers the ability to customize models that perform better for their use cases and run these custom models at scale. Early tests have shown a fine-tuned version of GPT-3.5 Turbo can match, or even outperform, base ...fine-tuning meaning: 1. present participle of fine-tune 2. to make very small changes to something in order to make it…. Learn more.This is known as fine-tuning, an incredibly powerful training technique. In this tutorial, you will fine-tune a pretrained model with a deep learning framework of your choice: Fine-tune a pretrained model with 🤗 Transformers Trainer. Fine-tune a pretrained model in TensorFlow with Keras. Fine-tune a pretrained model in native PyTorch.Dec 18, 2020 · List of Fine-Tuning Parameters. Jay Richards, PhD. Science. “Fine-tuning” refers to various features of the universe that are necessary conditions for the existence of complex life. Such features include the initial conditions and “brute facts” of the universe as a whole, the laws of nature or the numerical constants present in those ... .